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Tableaux et figures
Figure 1: Commercial casino AGR, 1990-2002
Figure 2: Tribal casino AGR, 1997-2001
Source: National Indian Gaming Commission, Tribal Gaming
Revenues (7/2/2002).
Figure 3: Tribal casinos by state
Figure 4: Commercial casinos by state
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Table 1:
Comparison of commercial and tribal casinos
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Commercial |
Tribal |
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Number of
casinos |
432 |
248 |
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Number of
counties with casinos |
60 |
192 |
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Total AGR (in
millions) |
$26,518.3 |
$12,735.4 |
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AGR per
casino (in millions) |
$61.4 |
$51.4 |
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AGR yearly
growth rate 1997-2001 (average) |
10.3% |
17.7% |
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Taxes or
revenue sharing (in millions) |
$4,038.4 |
$781.0 |
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Effective tax
or revenue sharing rate |
15.2% |
6.1% |
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Table 2:
Bankruptcies by County, 1990-1999 |
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Counties with: |
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Commercial casinos |
Tribal casinos |
No casino |
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Growth in individual bankruptcies 1990-99 |
91.8% |
114.3% |
100.0% |
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Median individual
bankruptcies 1990
(per 1000 of
population) |
3.08 |
1.89 |
1.83 |
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Median individual
bankruptcies 1999
(per 1000 of
population) |
5.83 |
4.29 |
3.82 |
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Median firm
bankruptcy 1990
(per 1000 of
population) |
0.23 |
0.31 |
0.20 |
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Median firm
bankruptcy 1999
(per 1000 of
population |
0.08 |
0.17 |
0.10 |
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Table 3:
Comparisons of U.S. counties according to casino status |
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Counties with: |
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Commercial
Casinos
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Tribal
Casinos
|
No
Casinos
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Median Population—1990 |
43,284 |
33,828 |
21,432 |
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Median Population Growth 1990-2000 |
5.7% |
13.9% |
8.2% |
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Median Population per square mile 1990 |
73.4 |
27.8 |
38.1 |
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Median Poverty rate 1990 |
11.3% |
15.2% |
13.7% |
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Median Poverty growth rate 1999 |
10.3% |
13.4% |
12.3% |
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Change in median poverty rate 1990-99 |
-1.1% |
-1.7% |
-1.4% |
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Percent of population over 65-1990 |
13.0% |
14.9% |
14.6% |
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Median growth 65+ population 1990-2000 |
7.9% |
11.5% |
7.6% |
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Median family household income-1989 |
$26,721 |
$22,570 |
$22,637 |
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Median family household income-1999 |
$38,472 |
$33,867 |
$33,505 |
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Median Growth in household income 1989-99 |
46.8% |
48.6% |
48.3% |
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Median unemployment rate-1990 |
5.7% |
6.9% |
5.7% |
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Median unemployment rate-2002 |
5.4% |
6.1% |
5.4% |
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Table 4:
Matched counties |
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Casino
county |
Non-casino
county |
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11.7% |
10.6% |
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Median growth in family income, 1989-99 |
47.5% |
48.2% |
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Poverty rate-1989 |
14.4% |
13.8% |
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Poverty Rate-1999 |
12.8% |
12.2% |
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Unemployment rate-1990 |
6.5% |
5.9% |
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Unemployment rate-2000 |
6.0% |
5.5% |
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Increase in
individual bankruptcy rate,1990-99
(median
figure per thousand of population) |
2.37 |
2.08 |
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Decrease in
firm bankruptcy rate, 1990-99
(median
figure per thousand of population) |
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Table 5:
Definition of variables used in Equations (1) and (2) |
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Mountain |
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Southeast |
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Southwest |
A
binary variable equal to 1 if county is located in the
Southwest region; Equal of zero otherwise. |
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West |
A
binary variable equal to 1 if county is located in the
West region; Equal of zero otherwise. |
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West north central |
A
binary variable equal to 1 if county is located in the
West North Central region; Equal of zero otherwise. |
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Change in population |
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Change in unemployment rates |
Change in the county unemployment rate between 1990 and
2000 |
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Change in poverty rates |
Change in the county poverty rate between 1989 and 1999 |
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Change in family income. |
Change in county family income between 1989 and 1999 |
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Added casino |
A
binary variable equal to one if the county’s first
casino was constructed in the county between 1990 and
2000 |
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Table 6:
Impact of factors on bankruptcy rates |
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Individual
bankruptcy rates |
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Business
bankruptcy rates |
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Coefficients |
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t Stat |
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Coefficient |
t-stat |
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9.8850* |
|
2.4246 |
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-0.2574* |
-2.1171 |
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Mountain |
-3.5014 |
|
-0.9699 |
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-0.0289 |
-0.2685 |
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Southeast |
-1.3294 |
|
-0.3389 |
|
0.0765 |
0.6541 |
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Southwest |
-2.5032 |
|
-0.9949 |
|
0.0400 |
0.5331 |
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West |
-6.1811* |
|
-2.2470 |
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0.2986* |
3.6401 |
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West north central |
-0.0026 |
|
-0.0010 |
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-0.0896 |
-1.1639 |
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Change in population |
0.0001* |
|
3.6729 |
|
0.0402* |
-4.2218 |
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Change in unemployment rates |
-0.0345 |
|
-0.0815 |
|
0.0047 |
0.3754 |
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Change in poverty rates |
97.7448* |
|
16.3521 |
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-2.3418* |
-13.1370 |
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Change in family income. |
-0.0004 |
|
-1.3794 |
|
0.0001 |
1.2365 |
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Added casino |
3.2506* |
|
1.9347 |
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-0.1266* |
-2.5270 |
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Number of
observations |
482 |
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|
482 |
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Rsq |
37.5% |
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|
30.3% |
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*indicates
that coefficient is statistically significant at 5%
level
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Chapter 7 |
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Chapter 11 |
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Chapter 13 |
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5.9036* |
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2.6375 |
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-0.0968E* |
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-2.4877 |
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3.8403* |
2.1511 |
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Mountain |
-1.7851 |
|
-0.9007 |
|
0.0265 |
|
0.7680 |
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-1.6954 |
-1.0725 |
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Southeast |
-1.4100 |
|
-0.6546 |
|
0.0011 |
|
0.0288 |
|
0.1557 |
0.0906 |
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Southwest |
-1.5751 |
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-1.1403 |
|
0.0205 |
|
0.8537 |
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-0.9079 |
-0.8241 |
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West |
-2.8408* |
|
-1.8811 |
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0.0450* |
|
1.7149 |
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-3.0822* |
-2.5589 |
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West north central |
-0.1662 |
|
-0.1173 |
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-0.0036 |
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-0.1460 |
|
0.0882 |
0.0781 |
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Change in population |
0.0000* |
|
3.6633 |
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0.0000* |
|
-4.2162 |
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0.0000* |
3.5958 |
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Change in unemployment rates |
-0.0240 |
|
-0.1034 |
|
0.0017 |
|
0.4140 |
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-0.0084 |
-0.0456 |
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Change in poverty rates |
52.5214* |
|
16.0044 |
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-0.8215* |
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-14.4050 |
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43.6680* |
| |